All non-electric vehicles (including hybrids) driving on these roads between 7 am to 7 pm are subject to a fee between £2 and £10, which is expected to double in 2025.

[2] At the time of the original study, Oxford was slated to become the UK's second city LEZ after London introduced one in 2008.

[2] Subsequently, managed clean air zones have been introduced in several other cities, including Bath, Bristol[3] and Tyneside.

[7] The scheme was approved by both councils in March 2021,[8] with the ZEZ to start operation in nine streets on 28 February 2022 as a pilot program.

However, as of 2024[update], these fees remain lower than London's £12.50 Ultra Low Emissions charge.