Pakistan–United States military relations
During the 1960s, the U.S. opens doors to Pakistan's scientists and engineers to conduct research on leading institutions of the U.S., notably ANL, ORNL, and LLNL.
[8] This was changed after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and democratic socialists under him decided to build nuclear weapons for the sake of their national security and survival.
[10] Although, the meeting was to discuss the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Nixon made it clear he is in favor of Pakistan gaining nuclear weapons capability, while correcting that he is not in a race for the presidential elections.
India's decision to conduct nuclear tests in May 1998 and Pakistan's response set back US relations in the region, which had seen renewed US interest during the second Clinton Administration.
A presidential visit scheduled for the first quarter of 1998 was postponed and, under the Glenn Amendment, sanctions restricted the provision of credits, military sales, economic assistance, and loans to the government.
[17] The assistance program, maintained through the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the Pakistan's Ministry of Defence (MoD), included providing the knowledge on building the night-vision devices (NVD), supplying helicopters, and nuclear detection equipment.
[17] With the United States' assistance, Pakistan established the National Command Authority (NCA) on the line of U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and uses its Megaport Program at the Port Qasim in Karachi which it deployed the radiation monitoring and imaging equipment monitored by a Pakistani central alarm station.
[18] In 2007, the United States offered the Permissive Action Link (PAL) technology, for locking its nuclear devices, which Pakistan turned down— possibly because it feared the secret implanting of "dead switches".
[26] During the 20 years of the War on terror in Afghanistan, the Pakistani administration under then-President Pervez Musharraf, had made its army airbases and the Air Force bases available to the United States military, which were used mainly for the logistics, intelligence gathering, and also as relief efforts.
Most of these attacks were on targets in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (now part of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province) along the Afghan border in northwest Pakistan.
[40] The military establishments of the two countries have cooperated to take action against militant groups involved in the wars in Afghanistan and Bosnia, although there is no consensus on issues such as dealing with the Taliban.
