Today's present day CJEU has been based in Luxembourg City since its original formation in 1952 under the EU's forerunner, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) — as were, on a provisional basis, all institutions of the newly formed supranational organisation.

The winning design, submitted by Jean Paul Consemius of Luxembourg, with François Jamagne and Michel Vande Elst of Belgium, was inspired by classical Greek architecture.

[4] Architectural historian Carolina Hein notes that the designs were also influenced by the style of the edifices of the various financial institutions that had begun to cement their presence in Luxembourg City, as can be seen with the pink granite cladding present on all three of the annexes.

When entering the building from the CJEU's forecourt, public visitors are met with the site of a shimmering golden veil draped over the main court room, and acting as its ceiling — a contemporary interpretation of the classic dome.

[12] Composed from 40 trapezoidal, bronze anodized woven fabric panels, Perrault remarked that the idea was his solution to bringing warmth and daylight into the proceedings of the Court, without providing outside views that may distract the judges.

[14] The planned 2004 expansion of the EU from 15 to 25 states, as well as envisioned future enlargements posed particular challenges in finding office space to hold the CJEU's translation services, critical to the functioning of the institution.

[17][18] To provide a secure, internal structural link between the Anneau, Ancien Palais, the three Annex buildings, and Towers Perrault designed the Gallery, whose principal component is a glass-roofed indoor street, 300 m long, 8 m wide, and 9.85 m high.

[19] As well as providing staff with access to a number of facilities, including a bank, 14 training rooms, a newspaper kiosk and self-service restaurant, the Gallery also houses the CJEU's library.

[19] Also designed by Perrault, the fifth and most recent extension to the Palais complex was inaugurated on 19 September 2019, consisting of a third high-rise, known as the Rocca tower, providing for additional office space for the CJEU's translation services and administration.

[22] Its 27th floor features an observation deck, which it is claimed by the CJEU, is the only one of its kind on Earth offering a view of four countries; Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg.

[25] On Europe Day 2023, a "multilingualism garden", open to the public, using some of the land adjacent to the complex left derelict following the demolition of the European Commission's original Jean Monnet building, was inaugurated.