[1] The first mosque was erected in Palayam in 1813 CE, when the British Indian Second Regiment was stationed in the town.

[2] In 1824 when the sixth regiment was posted in Palayam its officers bought land, appointed a Qazi – the Labba family (which ended with Sheikh Mansoor Labba) – and entrusted documents of the mosque to the Muezzin.

[2] Later, in the 1960s, many philanthropic businessmen and government officials of Thiruvananthapuram helped to fund renovation of the mosque and constructed the present-day Palayam Juma Masjid under the leadership of the Qazi and Imam Moulavi Sheikh Abul Hassan Ali Al-Noori.

[citation needed] Sheikh Abul Hassan Ali Al-Noori, a freedom fighter, multilingual scholar and the first imam of the mosque who served as imam from 1959 until 1979, and helped elevate to its present-day status from a pattalappalli, during his tenure.

[citation needed] In 2009, Kamala Surayya, an Indian-English poet and author, was interned in the khabaristan, located in the mosque's grounds.