King James I immediately reestablished the Diocese of Mallorca, and works began on the site of Madina Mayurqa's largest mosque.

The earliest still-extant part of the cathedral, completed in 1327, is the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, intended as a burial space for the Monarchs of Mallorca.

Its west front, which originally had a flat top, received a neo-gothic renovation, which gave the façade its current gable, in the mid-19th century as a result of structural issues.

The works were designed to bring liturgy in the cathedral closer to the people, but have been criticized for the destruction and alteration of Mudejar and Baroque decoration.

The choir stalls and screen, originally situated in the center of the nave, were moved to the side walls of the presbytery, and Gaudi designed a large canopy to hang above the altar.

The Chapel of Sant Pere and the Holy Sacrament at the end of the southern nave of the cathedral was comprehensively renovated to portray the Miracle of Loaves and Fishes and Wedding at Cana in a local context.

The neogothic renovation of the late 19th century accentuated the triangular plan of the interior, wherein the two side naves are only half the height of the central one, by giving the cathedral's west façade a gable with pinnacles.

The Royal Chapel, at the end of the central nave, is the earliest-built section of the cathedral and houses the tombs of Mallorcan Kings James the II and III.