Panchanan Maheswari, FRS (9 November 1904 – 18 May 1966[1] in Jaipur Rajasthan) a prominent Indian botanist noted chiefly for his invention of the technique of test-tube fertilization of angiosperms.

Maheshwari was born at Jaipur and educated at Ewing Christian College in Allahabad, intending to pursue a career in medicine.

He taught Botany at the University of Delhi, establishing that department as a globally important center of research in embryology and tissue culture.

Maheshwari founded the scientific journal Phytomorphology (Plant Morphology),[citation needed] for which he served as chief editor until his death in 1966; and the more popular magazine Botanica.

[citation needed] Maheshwari was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1965, he was second Indian Botanist to receive this accolade.