Panorpa vulgaris

[5] They prefer dry and warm habitats that provide shade at high temperatures[6] and are most abundant along the edges of low-lying shrubs.

[7] Despite their environmental preference, smaller populations do occur in forested areas that experience moist and cool conditions.

[9] Flight musculature degenerates over time due to the combination of deformed mitochondria and hypertrophy of connective tissues.

[14]][15] Females meadow scorpionflies are known to be polyandrous, allowing them to make multiple mating attempts with numerous males.

[12][16] During mating, males will attach themselves to one of the females forewings with their genital claspers to remain connected until copulation is complete.

[12][10] The gifts males provide are a series of salivary secretions and different types of carrion that the females will ingest as a nutrient source.

[15][12][16] Inherently, males are capable of influencing the quality or the amount of ejaculate that they provide to females based on their bias.

Female Meadow Scorpionfly
Male Meadow Scorpionfly