The campaign ended in a military failure and Paraguay broke its links with the Spanish crown just two months after Belgrano's withdrawal, starting its course towards full independence.

Three months after the creation of the Primera Junta, Manuel Belgrano was appointed Chief Commander of an army destined to gather support at Corrientes, Santa Fe, Paraguay and the Banda Oriental territories.

[7] The road to Paraguayan independence began at the Congress of July 24, 1810, which was called by the last colonial governor to express the province's loyalty to the Spanish crown.

Paraguayans indeed refused to pledge themselves to the Primera Junta of Buenos Aires and agreed to remain loyal to the King of Spain—yet the process of independence started here, as many Paraguayans, led by José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia and other patriots, took control of the situation and started working to obtain independence, both from the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the Kingdom of Spain.

The terrain gave a clear advantage to Velazco's Paraguayan troops, who confronted Belgrano: the Paraná River, nearly 1,000 m. wide, was an effective natural barrier; once it was crossed the Argentine army would have to move for a long distance across a land without supplies.

His intent to continue was actually based on sound military tactics: while the Paraguayan forces outnumbered his, he knew that they were barely armed, while his troops had full equipment and supplies.

He reorganized his remaining 235 men and ordered his secretary to burn all his documents and personal papers to prevent them from falling into enemy hands.

When the fire stopped he requested an armistice, telling Cabañas that he had arrived in Paraguay to aid and not to conquer, but considering the open hostility he had found, he would leave the province.

For the Paraguayans, the defeat of Belgrano resulted in independence from the rule of Buenos Aires and was the launching pad for their liberty from the yoke of Spain.