Paravane (water kite)

Paravanes are, like air kites, often symmetrical in one axis and travel in two directions, the change being effected by gybing, shunting, or flipping over.

The paravane /ˈpærəveɪn/, a form of towed underwater "glider" with a warhead that was used in anti-submarine warfare, was developed from 1914 to 1916 by Commander C. Vivian Usborne and Lieutenant C. Dennistoun Burney, funded by Sir George White, founder of the Bristol Aeroplane Company.

A different variety of paravane was developed by the British inventor Sir Dennistoun Burney as a means to sweep enemy mines.

The warhead was fired automatically as soon as the submarine touched the paravane or towing cable, or manually from the ship's bridge.

[4] In 1905 Martin Flegle of Minneapolis, Minnesota, invented a lighter-than-water water kite that could be operated from boats or from the shoreline for the purpose of trolling for fish.

Early work in coupling water kites was done by the late J.C. Hagedoorn, a geophysics professor at Delft University.

In 2011 and 2012 Sylvain Claudel demonstrated elevated human kite sailing using a "chien de mer" made by Didier Costes.

Similar technology is found in Yellow Pages Endeavour; such speed record efforts are related to the Windjet Project.

The kite on the Jellyfish Foiler gives tension through a rigidized tether pulling on the water-kite hydrofoil hydrodynamic center in order to avoid roll.

A Towed Instrument Vehicle for Deep Ocean Sampling[dead link‍] An array of pontoon paravanes' wings are set so each water kite positions itself so it does not interfere with the others.