[12] These factors can be determined by a full fertility workup by a healthcare provider prior to starting the reciprocal IVF process.
For instance, some partners who are biologically able may not want to be the gestational carrier because it misaligns with their gender identity or because testosterone regimens may need altering or cessation.
[12] However, while the research is limited, successful reciprocal IVF using oocytes from a transgender male who remained on testosterone throughout the entire process has been documented.
[13] The timeline of reciprocal IVF depends on if a couple chooses to undergo a fresh or a frozen transfer: Epigenetics includes the changes that occur in the gene expression, but that does not alter the DNA sequence.
There are multiple studies [15] related to epigenetics that show that the surrogate mother can also play an important role in the development of the embryo.
This is because the prenatal environment of the uterus, where the embryo will stay for 9 months, and also the nutrients that reach it, have great relevance in the gene expression.
After fertilisation, the endometrial fluid nourishes the embryo and regulates its development, before being replaced in this function by the placenta in the later stages of pregnancy.
Primary human endometrial endothelial cells were found to internalize miRNAs into vesicles and actively secrete large amounts of exosomes.
Even though the capability of numerous ncRNAs (both maternal and embryo-derived) of being transmitted through endometrial fluid has been clearly established, the role of such molecules in the regulation of pivotal phases of implantation and early embryonic development still requires much needed investigation.
Although the embryo does not carry the genetic information of the gestating mother, her uterus can influence the epigenetic characteristics of her future baby.
This method of reciprocal IVF uses an FDA-approved capsule (called INVOcell) to combine the donor sperm and egg, rather than reproduction in a lab.
[19] A study published in February 2018 found a 60% live birth rate in a group of 120 lesbian couples who underwent reciprocal IVF.