[2] He studied as an undergraduate at Worcester College, Oxford; earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1953 and an MA in 1957.
[citation needed] His doctoral thesis was The Old Testament in Hebrews Exegesis, Method and Hermeneutics which was completed in 1977 at Aberdeen University.
He specialised in translation work and during 1971 to 1975 was coordinator to the United Bible Societies, London.
Based at his home in Aberdeen, United Kingdom he was from 1975 a translation consultant; also working as a technical editor 1972-1975.
[citation needed] He served as Associate Director at the Center for the Study of Christianity in the Non-Western World.