As an intellectual historian, Mendes-Flohr specialized in 19th and 20th-century Jewish thinkers, including Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss.
[1] Mendes-Flohr held a doctorate from Brandeis University, which was supervised by Alexander Altmann, Nahum Glatzer, and Ben Halpern.
Mendes-Flohr taught at the University of Chicago, where he was Dorothy Grant Maclear Professor Emeritus of Modern Jewish History and Thought.
[citation needed] He was co-author and co-editor, with Jehuda Reinharz, of a book of modern Jewish history, The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History,[2] and with Arthur A. Cohen, of a book on contemporary Jewish religious thought.
In 2021, Mendes-Flohr began work on The Global Lehrhaus, an international platform for education and reflection on issues of common concern.