Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1863 into a middle-class German Jewish family, she was the daughter of Henrietta (née Lehrberger) and Mayer Hanauer.
[1] The family were prominent members of the Jewish community, belonging to Rodef Shalom and the Concordia Club.
Henrietta was a member of the Hebrew Aid Society and Myer a leader at the local B'nai B'rith.
[2] While attending the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893, she and several other women founded the National Council of Jewish Women, and she subsequently founded the Pittsburgh section (Columbian Council) and organized other sections in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, Oil City, Bradford, Scranton) and beyond (Youngstown, Washington, D.C.).
In 2022 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania awarded a State Historic Marker out front of her former home and in 2024 the City of Pittsburgh dedicated the adjacent "Honorary Pauline Rosenberg Way.