Pavel Illyich Bulgakov (3 August 1856 – 1940) was an Imperial Russian division and corps commander.

On 18 February 1915, his forces were surrounded the German Tenth Army in the Augustow Forest.

This provided time for the rest of the Russian Tenth Army to form a new defensive position.

Bulgakov was taken prisoner by the Germans and remained in captivity until after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

He traveled by train to Mtsensk in Oryol Oblast, where he was hospitalized after arriving on 8 August 1918.