Pavlo Polubotok (Ukrainian: Павло Леонтійович Полуботок, Russian: Павел Леонтьевич Полуботок, Polish: Paweł Połubotok; born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a Ukrainian Cossack political and military leader and Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine between 1722 and 1724.

In 1706 he became polkovnyk (colonel) of Chernigov Regiment and during the Great Northern War remained loyal to the Imperial Russians and fought against Ivan Mazepa.

Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with Pylyp Orlyk and accused of "treason."

However, when he lost control and was forced to leave the country, he had put money from the treasury into the bank.

In his will, Polubotok allegedly bequeathed eighty percent of the gold to a future independent Ukraine, and the rest to his successors.