After the Bolsheviks assumed control of the Russian government in the October Revolution of 1917, they implemented various policies which were unpopular among the country's rural population.

One of the largest and widespread rebellions took place in Siberia from mid-1920, after the Russian SFSR's tax policy had effectively destroyed the economic basis of many peasants.

The peasants took up arms in order to force the communist government from their lands,[7] and received support by rural rebels who had already taken part in the 1920 rebellion.

The fact that conservative Whites and anarchists allied during this rebellion showcased how desperate both groups had become in resisting the Red Army.

00447 was implemented in 1937, as many former rebels were again put on trial and convicted,[13] with those identified as insurgent commanders[14] and former White Army officers mostly being executed.