Pedro Pablo Peña Cañete (29 June 1864 – 29 July 1943) was provisional president of Paraguay from February 28, 1912 to March 22, 1912, as the First Paraguayan Civil War raged.

He was a member of the Colorado Party.

Before his brief presidency, Peña was secretary at the Paraguayan Legation in Argentina, dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the National University of Asuncion, president of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguayan minister to Brazil (1901–1902 and 1903–1905), minister of foreign affairs (1902–1903) and Paraguayan minister to Chile, Bolivia and Peru (1905–1908).

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