Pei County, or Peixian (simplified Chinese: 沛县; traditional Chinese: 沛縣; pinyin: Pèi Xiàn), is under the administration of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China, bordering the Shandong prefecture-level cities of Jining to the northwest and Zaozhuang to the northeast and sitting on the western shore of Nansi Lake.

Xiaopei (小沛) is an ancient Chinese town located in present-day Pei County.

In the late Eastern Han dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Xu Province, which was governed by Tao Qian.

Before Tao Qian died, he handed his governorship over to Liu Bei.

Liu Bei took refuge in Xiaopei when Lü Bu seized the Xu Province from him through deceit.