Penalty shot

The rules on how a player attempts a penalty shot or kick also varies between sports.

[1] In Gaelic football, a penalty kick may be awarded if a defender commits a foul within the large rectangle enclosing the goal.

In ice hockey, a penalty shot is awarded to a player in a good shooting position denied a chance at a goal by the foul of an opponent.

The penalty shot ends as soon as the puck either crosses the goal line, is blocked by the goaltender, stops moving, moves in the opposite direction of the goal line, or if the shooter loses possession of the puck.

In addition to the exclusion, a penalty shot is also awarded to the opposing team, if the foul occurs during actual play.

A penalty shot or throw is awarded when a defender commits a major foul within the six meter area that prevents a likely goal.

Gridiron football does not have any sort of explicit equivalent to the penalty shot; scenarios where an illegal act deprived someone of a score are handled through the unfair act clause, which allows officials the right to assess any penalty they see fit, including awarding the score automatically.