It is predominantly awarded when a foul has prevented a certain goal from being scored or for a deliberate infringement by a defender in the penalty circle.
[3] The penalty stroke is between any chosen attacking player and the defensive goalkeeper.
[7] Before the penalty stroke is taken, the goalkeeper must be standing with both feet on the goal line and the attacker within playing distance of the ball.
[8] When the umpire blows the whistle, the attacker may play the ball at goal using a "push, flick or scoop" motion.
If the ball was played over the back line by the defender (outside the goal) then the penalty bully was retaken.