Penina Axelrad

Penina Axelrad is an American aerospace engineer known for her research on satellite orbital dynamics and the Global Positioning System.

[1] Axelrad earned bachelor's and master's degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1985 and 1986 respectively.

[2] She completed her Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1991,[1] working on the plans for Gravity Probe B[3] under the supervision of Bradford Parkinson.

[8] She was named as a Fellow of the Institute of Navigation in 2004 "her continuing contributions to research and graduate and undergraduate education in the fields of dynamics and systems, aerospace electronics and communications, and GPS technology",[9] and named a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2008.

[1] She was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2019, "for analysis of multipath GPS signals to improve satellite navigation and new approaches to remote sensing".