[1] Techniques include surgery, supplements, ointments, patches, and physical methods like pumping, jelqing, and traction.
[4] Surgical penis enlargement methods include penile augmentation and suspensory ligament release.
The AUA also considers the division of the suspensory ligament of the penis for increasing penile length in adults to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious.
[13] Because of great risk and uncertainty, medical professionals are generally skeptical of penile enlargement and avoid attempting it.
[9][14] A 2019 study in Sexual Medicine Reviews found that surgical methods of penis enlargement are typically ineffective and can be damaging to both physical and mental health.
[15] The authors found that such treatments are "'supported by scant, low-quality evidence... Injectables and surgery should remain a last option, considered unethical outside of clinical trials'".
[16] According to the study, "'overall treatment outcomes were poor, with low satisfaction rates and significant risk of major complications, including penile deformity, shortening, and erectile dysfunction'".
Performed on the halfway tumescent penis, jelqing is a manual manipulation of simultaneous squeezing and stroking the shaft from base to corona.
Some clinicians caution against the routine use of jelqing techniques, including excessive or aggressive manipulations of the penis, due to concerns of potential fibrosis and plaque formation.
As of 2013, the majority of research investigating the use of penile traction focuses on treating the curvature and shrinkage of the penis as a result of Peyronie's disease, although some literature exists on the effects on men with short penises.