Penny Black (research project)

Because identifying spams consumes a recipient's time, the idea is to make the sender of emails "pay" a certain amount for sending them.

The general idea is that if the sender must prove that they have expended a certain amount of effort specifically for the receiver and the message alone.

[citation needed] The project aims to devise a method to do this without introducing additional challenge-response mechanisms and third parties, and without requiring extra maintenance and updates, while retaining the current architecture of the e-mail system.

[citation needed] The server would allow the user to request a ticket in exchange for a proof of work: expending CPU cycles solving hard algorithms with processing power, Turing tests, or even just by paying money.

However, spammers would be required to invest either a lot of computing time or money in order to create enough tickets to send large numbers of e-mails.