[3] Pentagalloylglucose can be found in Punica granatum (pomegranate),[4] Elaeocarpus sylvestris,[5] Rhus typhina (Staghorn sumac),[6] Paeonia suffruticosa (Tree Peony),.,[7] Mangifera indica (mango) [8] and Bouea macrophylla Griffith (maprang).

β-glucogallin: 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-D-glucose galloyltransferase is an enzyme found in the leaves of Rhus typhina that catalyzes the galloylation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose to 3-O-digalloyl-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (hexagalloylglucose).

[5] This compound helps stabilize the elastin and collagen in vascular tissues[12] and restores the biomechanical properties of arterial ECM.

[13] In addition, pentagalloylglucose has shown to reduce arterial calcification and helps promote extracellular matrix preservation in animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

[14] In vitro studies with mouse C2C12 myoblast cells have shown the PGG helps in lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in a dose-dependent manner.