As of 2007, Peotone schools had a total enrollment of 2,107 students in kindergarten through 12th grade.

Peotone has long been the proposed site of a new airport to serve the Chicago area.

Proponents point out that the existing facilities at O'Hare and Midway airports cannot meet the transportation needs of the Chicago area, and that the development will bring economic prosperity to Chicago Southland, an area deprived of economic development, as well as the rest of the state.

Politicians backing plans include former Governor Rod Blagojevich; former Representative Jesse Jackson Jr., Congressman Jerry Weller, the former representative of the district in which the airport would be located, and Will County Executive Larry Walsh.

[11] Opponents to the plan are concerned about the environmental disruption that would be caused by new airport construction and the roads that would be needed to support it.

They also point out that Gary/Chicago International Airport in Gary, Indiana already exists, is closer to Chicago than Peotone, and is already undergoing expansion to support heavier use with minimal environmental impact.

Politicians opposing the Peotone airport plan include former Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley, former Gary Mayor Scott King, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels, and Representative Pete Visclosky from Indiana.

Former Representative Jesse Jackson, jr. was the head of a private group in Cook County looking to take ownership of the proposed airport.

In the science-fiction novel The Boy Who Would Live Forever (2004), which was the fifth in the Gateway series, Frederik Pohl has a character fly out of "Peotone International Airport".