[3] In modern practice, they are most commonly used in summary decisions that the Court resolves without full argument and briefing.
The notable exceptions to the usual characteristics for a per curiam decision are the cases of New York Times Co. v. United States, Bush v. Gore, and Trump v. Anderson.
[6][7] Examples include: The per curiam practices of the individual United States Courts of Appeals vary by judicial circuit.
In the Third Circuit, by contrast, the majority of both precedential and nonprecedential decisions indicate the authoring judge, and the per curiam designation is generally, but not exclusively, reserved for dispositions on the court's pro se and summary action calendar.
[9] Many decisions of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, especially in the First and Second Judicial Departments, do not designate an author.