The island is formed by the Danube River splitting into two branches passing north and south of it.
The international frontier between Bulgaria and Romania follows the north branch of the river and therefore Belene Island is part of the Bulgarian territory.
Belene Island is a part of the Belene Islands Complex and of the Persina Natural Park, a home to over 170 species of rare water birds, such as the glossy ibis, pygmy cormorant, lesser grey shrike, red-breasted goose and others.
The flora of Belene Island is represented by willows, poplars and aspens; there is some arable land.
A battle took place on neighboring Cinghinarele Island in early October 1916, during World War I.