The three facets of PI – self-starting, future oriented, and overcoming barriers form a syndrome of proactive behaviors relating to each other empirically.
[6] While PI is consistently linked to higher work performance and innovativeness of individuals,[7][8] it also interacts with other types of constructs of intrinsic motivation.
[9] The PI concept was used to create an effective training tool,[10] which is now being used to help thousands of entrepreneurs and organisations in developing countries to improve their businesses.
[11] PI Climate refers to formal and informal organizational practices which guide and support a proactive, self-starting, and persistent approach toward work.
[12] Studies have shown that individual personal initiative is related to idea generation, entrepreneurial success , and innovation implementation behavior.
Organizations that display a work environment characterized by personal initiative have a higher chance of promoting the effectiveness of process innovations.