The act makes the abduction of domestic pets, such as cats and dogs, a specific criminal offence in England and Northern Ireland, with convictions resulting in either a fine and/or up to five years in prison.

Theft of animals, which are treated as property by the law, has been covered by the Theft Act 1968, but the Pet Abduction Act is the first legislation to specifically address the theft of pets, and follows the 2021 publication of the UK government's Action Plan for Animal Welfare, which recognised that "cats and dogs are not inanimate objects but sentient beings capable of experiencing distress and other emotional trauma when they are stolen from their owners or keepers".

Following its introduction, the Pet Abduction Bill received its second House of Commons reading on 19 January, and following government support, goes forward to the committee stage for further consideration.

[4][5] In February 2024, Conservative MP Sir Christopher Chope tabled an amendment that would initially restrict the legislation to cover the abduction of dogs, and only be extended to cats once legislation is passed requiring them to be microchipped.

[6] On 24 May 2024, the bill was pushed through parliament on its final day of sitting before the 2024 general election, with the Pet Abduction Act set to come into force in August.