Handscomb was a talented junior tennis player, but eventually chose to pursue cricket.

[3] Having spent the 2011 season playing English club cricket for Tring Park, as well as several matches for Leicestershire County Cricket Club in the Second XI Championship,[4] Handscomb debuted for Victoria during the 2011–12 Australian season, playing as a top-order batsman.

[5][6] Handscomb's first century in Sheffield Shield matches came against South Australia in February 2012, an innings of 113 runs at the Adelaide Oval.

[7] Towards the end of the season, he was also used as Victoria's wicket-keeper, with both Matthew Wade and Ryan Carters unavailable.

He played county cricket for Gloucestershire during 2015, and began touring with Australia A, becoming captain of the team in early 2016.

[14] He made his Test debut on 24 November 2016,[15] and was presented his baggy green cap by Chris Rogers.

[20] He was recalled when three batmen were suspended due to the 2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal, and played four more tests in 2018 and 2019 before being dropped again.

[22] In his debut innings, Handscomb was caught behind for 0, but it was shown that the bowler, Junaid Khan had bowled a no-ball.