Between 1984 and 1986, he worked as visiting research fellow at the Children's Hospital Boston of Harvard Medical School on the genetic structure of the fourth component of the human complement system.

In 2004, he became full professor and head of the Division of Forensic Molecular Genetics at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Cologne.

[9] He was work package leader in the VISible Attributes Through GEnomics -- VISAGE Consortium, a Horizon 2020 funded EU project developing new methods for DNA-based predictions of appearance, ancestry and chronological age of unknown contributors of biological stains in criminal casework, using massively parallel sequencing technology.

[13] He published several peer-reviewed articles addressing the current state and future perspectives of DNA-based phenotype predictions in criminal casework.

[14][15] In 2006, Schneider was awarded the prize of the German Konrad Händel Foundation for his outstanding scientific achievements and his merits in the field of the administration of justice.