[2] Also in 1985, he formally joined the underground of the African National Congress (ANC) and began military training in Pretoria as a member of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK).
[3] On 15 April 1988, on the instructions of MK, Maluleka exploded a limpet mine on Church Street in Pretoria, causing damage to several businesses in the vicinity.
[4] He later said that the explosions were intended to make a political statement about the ANC's presence inside South Africa and to spearhead the movement's armed propaganda.
[5] Maluleka was convicted in 1991 but, on the day of his sentencing, he was indemnified by the state as part of the confidence-building measures towards negotiations to end apartheid.
[7] He served as committee chairperson until the 2014 general election; though he stood for re-election to the National Assembly, he was ranked 34th on the ANC's regional party list for Gauteng and did not win a seat.