In 1965, Mittelstaedt became a Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cologne, his main areas of work were philosophy of natural science, philosophy of science, and logic as well as the basics of relativity and quantum theory.
He was also chairman of the board of directors of the publishing house Bibliographisches Institut.
Mittelstaedt died at the age of 84 and was buried in Erftstadt-Lechenich on November 29, 2014, after a memorial service.
He is known for monographs on physics philosophy, where he was influenced by Paul Lorenzen and his operationalism and pursued a justification of quantum mechanics via quantum logic, for which he tried to provide a physical interpretation in his later work.
[5] His total of 30 students,[6] who received their doctorate from 1966 to 1997 with him in Cologne, included Julian Barbour, Hubertus von Grünberg, Wolfgang Hillebrandt, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Ernst-Walther Stachow,[7] Franz Josef Burghardt, Hans-Joachim Blome[8] and Paul Busch.