Peter Pelham (9 December 1721 – 28 April 1805) was an English-born American organist, harpsichordist, teacher and composer.
Around 1730 the Pelhams immigrated to Boston, where the father apprenticed his son to Charles Theodore Pachelbel.
Around 1750 he moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, where in 1755 he became organist of Bruton Parish Church.
Pelham actively participated in the city's musical life, giving concerts and conducting.
He also supported himself and his family by running a small music store, as well as engaging in some non-musical activities: he was supervisor for the printing of currency from 1758 to 1775 and superintended the Public Gaol from 1770 to 1780.