Born in Lucerne, Peter von Matt grew up in Stans in the canton of Nidwalden.
From 1976 to 2002, von Matt taught at the University of Zurich as a Professor of Newer German Literature.
He was a guest professor at Stanford University in 1980 and a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin in 1992/93.
Von Matt is a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Sächsische Akademie der Künste (Saxon Academy of the Arts).
He is married to literary critic Beatrice von Matt-Albrecht and lives with her in Dübendorf near Zurich.