He was Roman consul in the year 341 and praefectus urbi of Rome from July 345 to December 346.
Probinus was the son of Petronius Probianus, a consul and praefectus urbi, and was from the gens Petronia, an influential patrician family that provided several high-ranking officers for the imperial administration between the 4th and 5th centuries AD.
His wife was, according to Drinkwater and Elton,[1] "Claudia"/"Clodia", a sister of Clodius Celsinus Adelphus,[2] who in turn was married to his sister Faltonia Betitia Proba, one of the most influential Roman Christian poets during Late Antiquity.
[3] He had a son, Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus, consul in 371 and four-time Praetorian prefect.
The aristocrat Anicia Faltonia Proba was his grand-niece - and his daughter in law.