It borders to the east the large and shallow Songkhla Lake, and to the west the Nakhon Si Thammarat mountain range.

At the end of the 18th century, King Rama I submitted the city to the Ministry of Defense, which was responsible for all the southern provinces.

In 1924, King Rama VI ordered to move the city of Phatthalung to the present-day Khuha Sawan Subdistrict.

The provincial seal shows the 177 meter high Phu Khao Ok Thalu mountain, the symbol of the province.

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[10] one Phatthalung Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 49 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.

The non-municipal areas are administered by 24 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

This system called "The People's Network" by installed LoRaWAN Gateway running by start-up company named Southern IoT.