Mueang Phetchabun was an ancient frontier city, established in Sukhothai era.

Prince Damrong Rajanubhab founded the forts on both banks of the Pa Sak River.

This proposal, by Prime Minister Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, was not approved by parliament, thus it continued to be a district as before.

The main water resource is the Pa Sak River.

Mueang Phetchabun is divided into 17 subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 221 administrative villages (mubans).