He received his early education at St Augustine's RC School, Manchester prior to being admitted to St Bede's College, Manchester in September 1907, graduating at midsummer 1912.
In 1923, he was appointed history professor at St Thomas College in Minnesota, United States.
In 1931, Hughes moved to London, to lecture at the new Catholic Centre for Higher Studies, founded by Frank Sheed.
He remained in London until 1955 when he was offered a post as professor of reformation history at the University of Notre Dame.
Hughes died in America on 6 October 1967, at 72, and was buried in South Bend, Indiana, United States.