Philip the Tetrarch

As a Tetrarch, he ruled over the northeast part of his father's kingdom between 4 BCE and 34 CE after Herod's death.

This sibling Salome was born c. 14 BCE, and so only five years younger than Herod Philip (a more realistic age gap).

The first problem is whether he reigned 32, 36, or 37 years, all of which variants appear in different copies of the relevant passage in Josephus (Antiquities 18.106/18.4.6).

Philip’s coin commemorating Tiberius's emperorship could only have been issued after the news of the death of Augustus reached Judea, which would have been after the start of the Judean regnal year that began in Tishri of 14 CE.

That Judeans in the first century BCE and the first century CE used a Tishri-based calendar for governmental affairs, which would include the reigns of Judean kings and tetrarchs, is made explicit by Josephus in Antiquities 1.81/1.3.3: After relating that Moses instituted Nisan as the first month for festivals and "everything related to divine worship," he [Josephus] continues: .

Josephus was stating that all activities other than those related to divinely mandated religious observances would be reckoned by a fall calendar that started with the first day of Tishri.

The conclusion must be that Philip antedated the beginning of his reign to a time before the death of his father, Herod the Great.

The new evidence that has been produced from a study of all the Herodian coins that give a year number shows that Herod Antipas also antedated his reign to 6 BCE.

17.342/17.13.2), his (antedated) beginning of reign must have been 5t CE - 10 - 1 (no year zero) = 6t BCE, in agreement with his other Herodian relatives whose gave dates on their coins.

[19] The explanation of this strange phenomenon—that all the sons of Herod the Great antedated their reigns to a time well before his death, even when accepting Schürer's now outdated chronology for that event (4 BCE), is explained in detail in the article previously cited.

There are three princes by the name Phasael in the Herodian dynasty, all three mentioned by Josephus in "War" (BJ) and "Antiquities" (AJ):[21]