[2] They constitute a sort of shell around sources of far-UV photons at a distance where the interstellar gas is dense enough, and the flux from the photon source is no longer strong enough, to strip electrons from the neutral constituent atoms.
[3] Despite being composed of denser gas, PDRs still have too low a column density to prevent the penetration of far-UV photons from distant, massive stars.
PDRs are also composed of a cold molecular zone that has the potential for star formation.
[4] They achieve this cooling by far-infrared fine line emissions of neutral oxygen and ionized carbon.
[5] It is theorized that PDRs are able to maintain their shape by trapped magnetic fields originating from the far-UV source.