Phrynocephalus persicus, commonly known as the Persian toad-headed agama, is a small diurnal desert lizard of the family Agamidae.

It is the westernmost representative of the Central Asian genus of toad-headed agamas Phrynocephalus and is only known from deserts and semideserts of Iran and possibly Azerbaijan.

Scales of different size, shape and color associated to create a mosaic pattern, which serves as camouflage allowing the lizard to blend in with a sandy substrate.

Accumulations of conical scales create more or less symmetrically distributed dark spots of the color pattern.

The center of the back may carry 1–3 latitudinally spread groups of dark spots, or may be free of any pattern.

Ventral surface of the tail in lizards from Armenia is dark grey in males and yellowish in females.

[citation needed] The species occurs in fragmented populations in the northwestern and western parts of the Central Plateau in Iran.

This behavior includes walking on extended rear limbs with an inflated abdomen, collateral rotations of the curved end of the tail, tail-markings on the sand, and open mouth attacks.

Its geographic range does overlap with areas of intense land use, making large scale habitat loss a major threat.