Phyllostachys atrovaginata is a running bamboo with strongly tapered, stiff, upright culms.

It may reveal a fragrant scent during warm weather or when vigorously rubbed.

[4] Like water bamboo, the rhizomes and roots of this species also have air canals as an adaptation for living in wet soil.

[1][2] The specific epithet atrovaginata or "dark-sheathed" is inspired from the dark green and deep red wine colors of the culm sheaths.

[1] [5] Edible shoots can be harvested in spring from this cultivated species, while the culms can be used split or unsplit for weaving or crafting bamboo articles.