Picquigny is situated at the junction of the N235, the D141 and D3 roads, on the banks of the river Somme, some 8 miles (13 km) northwest (and downstream) of Amiens.

Already established as a Gallic settlement before the Romans arrived, a Gallo-Roman cemetery was discovered in 1895 in the area known as Les Vignes.

[5] After the defeat of the Huns at Lihons-en-Santerre, the inhabitants of Amiens, who had helped the barbarians, took refuge in the castle of Picquigny, to hide from the vengeance of Dagobert, where they were then besieged by him.

[6] On 17 December 942, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and William I, Duke of Normandy came to Picquigny to sign a peace treaty.

In 1307, several Templars were arrested and imprisoned in the dungeons of the château by order of Philip IV of France, On 29 August 1475, with the Treaty of Picquigny, Louis XI brought to an end the Hundred Years' War.