Pierce Butler Anderson (c. 1804 – December 13, 1861) was a lawyer, state legislator, math professor, land speculator, and a West Point-educated soldier.

He was killed in action during the first year of the American Civil War at the Battle of Camp Allegheny while serving as an artillery officer in the Confederate States Army.

[5] In his third year, he received "a bayonet wound through his right wrist, which permanently disabled him,"[6] after which, he "returned to private life in his native East Tennessee hills.

"[6] After earning his law license he first practiced in Winchester but "later returned to Athens, Tenn., where he engaged in the legal profession, devoting some attention to politics, and served one or two terms in the Legislature, where in 1842–44 he was one of the 'Immortal thirteen' who dead-locked that body in an attempt to elect Hopkins Turney to the United States Senate.

[1] His son Andrew L. Anderson, later a medical doctor, served alongside him and fought in battles "between Mexico City and Vera Cruz.

[2][6] Following the Mexican War he initially intended to return to practicing law but was offered a job teaching mathematics at Franklin College at Nashville.

"[14] What was called the McRee House, constructed of brick and said to be the second-oldest building in Tullahoma, was built for Anderson in 1854 and stood until it was destroyed in a fire in 1901.

Thevarious companies composing that regiment assembled at Winchester, Tenn., about the 27th of April, and proceeded to organize, when Pierce B. Anderson and D. W. Holman were elected Majors.

He was instantly shot down by the advancing body of the enemy's force, and Our men then opened a galling fire; upon them, and they fell back into the fallen timber.

They managed to kill Captain Pierce B. Anderson, one of Johnson's battery commanders, who mistook the Federals for Confederate pickets and, standing on the parapet of the works..." was shot down.

[17] According to the centennial history of Coffee County, Tennessee, Anderson's death disrupted a plan to commission him a brigadier general in the Confederate Army.

[20] Anderson was married to Ann M. Luke, said to be a granddaughter of American Revolutionary War general Andrew Lewis, in Mason County, Kentucky in November 1828.