Pieter Hendrik Kritzinger

After recuperating and resting in the Ladybrand District, he made a fourth and last attempt to invade the Cape Colony via Sandrift on the night of 14/15 December 1901.

As a part of General Christiaan de Wet's Free State forces, Kritzinger's commando and its offsplits of commonado's, under the leadership of Gideon Scheepers and Johannes Lötter, successfully launched attacks deep into the Cape Colony on the British troops.

Johan Jakob Pieter descended from the well-known Kepler family of Weil der Stadt, in Baden-Württemberg, a town which is known as the 'Gate to the Black Forest'.

Andries Rudolph was married to Johanna Magdalena Oosthuizen (1773 - 1864), the heiress of the farm, 'Paapenbietjesfontein aan de Baakensrivier', on which the city centre of Port Elizabeth was laid out.

'Paapenbietjiesfontein' comprised the modern day city centre of Port Elizabeth, South End and Humewood, all the way to Happy Valley, where the Sakrivier formed the boundary with the neighbouring farm, 'Strandfontein', which at the time belonged to the Voortrekker leader, Piet Retief.

North-east of Bloemfontein he joined the Orange Free State main force under General Christiaan de Wet in the same month.

Kritzinger was present when the Imperial Yeomanry under Colonel Basil Spragge surrendered to General Piet de Wet at Lindley on 31 May 1900.

Thereafter he fought in the military operation in the north eastern Orange Free State until the surrender of General Marthinus Prinsloo at the end of July 1900.

On General Christiaan de Wet's return from Transvaal, Kritzinger and his commando once more joined the main force and his appointment was confirmed.

In December 1900, Kritzinger's commando formed part of the force with which General Christiaan de Wet attempted to invade the Cape Colony.

Pursued by British columns, Kritzinger at the end of December 1900 crossed the railway between Noupoort and Middelburg, where they derailed a train.

His actions between December 1900 and April 1901 led to the escalation of the Second Boer War to parts of the Cape Colony which had hitherto been peaceful and caused the immediate intervention of an increasing number of mobile British units.

[3] He retreated to the Orange Free State again on 14 August 1901 and went to the Zastron district where he annihilated a British unit under Colonel A Murray at the Battle of Kwaggafontein on 20 September 1901.

Continually harried in the Southern Orange Free State, Kritzinger's Commando invaded the Cape Colony for a third time at Sanddrif on 15 December 1901.

Kritzinger's deputy commander, Gideon Scheepers was executed at Graaff-Reinet shortly before on 12 January 1902, after being convicted as a Cape rebel and war crimes.

[4] Kritzinger was acquitted by the Graaff-Reinet Military Tribunal after influential newspapers in England and the United States of America took up the cudgels on his behalf after the huge furore that Scheepers's death caused in the international news.

One of the main petitioners for Kritzinger's release was WT Stead (the famous British newspaper editor who served as mentor to William Randolph Hearst and who died on the RMS Titanic).

Initially, after the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed on 31 May 1902, he went in exile to Mexico and the United States of America in an attempt to prevent the undertaking of the oath of allegiance to the British throne.

After having settled in Ladybrand in the Orange River Colony, he soon thereafter again went to the United States of America to seek medical attention for his war wounds.

With this trip, he was accompanied by his erstwhile private secretary, Rev RD McDonald, to also seek a publisher for his biography and to give public lectures on the effects and consequences of the Anglo-Boer War and the concentration camps on the burghers of the Orange Free State.

On this voyage he had meetings with the Boer sympathiser, Emily Hobhouse, WT Stead, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, who was British Prime Minister at the time, as well as the influential politicians, who would later become British Prime Ministers, such as David Lloyd George and Ramsay MacDonald in order to tell them of the great needs of the post-war Orange River Colony.

Kritzinger's personal archive of artifacts, correspondence, documents, ephemera, letters, newspaper articles and photos was inherited by his only grandson who bears his surname, Dr Dr Julian Kritzinger (1983 - ) of Worcester in the Western Cape, who is busy reworking it to manuscript format, entitled; 'Die Lewe van Generaal PH Kritzinger (1870 - 1935): In Lewe Assistent-Hoofkommandant van die Oranje-Vrystaatse en Hoofkommandant van die Kaapse Rebellemagte Tydens die Anglo-Boere-Oorlog.'

Kepler Museum, Weil der Stadt, Stuttgart
Military camp of Boer war general Kritzinger and his Commando, South Africa.