Pietro Albertoni (22 September 1849 – 8 November 1933 ) was an Italian physiologist and politician who was appointed Senator of the Kingdom in 1912.

In 1866, when only sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the ranks of Garibaldi's partisans and participated in the battle of Bezzecca.

In Bologna he collaborated extensively with Icilio Guareschi, with whom he founded the Review of medicinal chemistry and pharmacy, which soon became very influential.

Albertoni was elected a deputy to the legislature of the kingdom for three terms of office (1892-1895, 1897-1900 and 1900-1904) representing Bozzolo for the Italian Radical Party.

Albertoni was admitted to numerous Italian and foreign academies, including the Accademia dei Lincei.