Pilar Millán Astray

Recent research shows that she was a spy for the Germans before World War I and her literary success.

[1] She encouraged her three sons during World War I to work for German espionage in Barcelona according to historian Fernando García Sanz.

[2] The most important character spied on was the British Ambassador to Spain Sir Arthur Henry Hardinge.

The cover of her comedy bookThe haberdashery of the red dahlia contains a portrait of her by Julio Romero de Torres.

[3] The imprisonment damaged her health and she died when she participated in a tribute to the actress Josita Hernán in Madrid in 1949.