The Pittsfield and North Adams was incorporated on March 3, 1842, by special act of the State of Massachusetts.
The original owners of the P&NA developed this corridor with the goal of extending the Housatonic Railroad (1836) north to Rutland, Vermont.
Mineral traffic developed on the line and a number of limestone operations went into business.
The New York Central Railroad took over the B&A in 1900, and upgraded the line, although it allowed the B&A and its branches to operate under its old name.
Despite the connection to an existing track in North Adams, Boston and Maine ran the line with declining success.