[7] In public spaces, the congregation of animals caused by feeding can result in them being considered pests.
[8] In zoos, giving food to the animals is discouraged due to the strict dietary controls in place.
For example, "the feeding of squirrels had been seen as a way to civilize the parks and rechannel the energies of young boys from aggression and vandalism toward compassion and charity.
[15] However, with a greater awareness of ecological and other issues, such pro-feeding policies are now viewed as detrimental,[12][14][15][16] and US national parks now actively discourage animal feeding.
[21] Tourism operators often provide food to attract marine wildlife such as sharks to areas where they can be more easily viewed.
[26][27] At Monkey Mia in Western Australia, dolphin feeding is permitted under Department of Environment and Conservation supervision.
[10] Like pigeons, ducks may also congregate in large numbers where feeding takes place, resulting in aggression towards humans who don't have food to hand as well as towards other individuals in the group.
[35] This, however, is strictly monitored and usually involves set food available from the zookeepers or vending machines, as well as a careful choice of which animals to feed, and the provision of hand-washing facilities to avoid spreading disease.
[37] Cultural hostility to feeding animals in cities and laws that ban the practice raise concerns about how humans relate to other living beings in the urban environment.
[38] Feral pigeons in cities existed for thousands of years but only recently in some countries humans started seeing them as a nuisance and became hostile to them.